The Handbook of Emission Factors for Road Transport

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The standard for road transport emission calculations

The Handbook Emission Factors for Road Transport (HBEFA) provides emission factors for all current vehicle categories (PC, LDV, HGV, urban buses, coaches and motor cycles), each divided into different categories, for a wide variety of traffic situations. Emission factors for all regulated and the most important non-regulated pollutants as well as fuel/energy consumption and CO2 are included (see Methodology).

HBEFA is a standard data source for emission calculations in numerous studies and other applications (see Use cases). It is the product of a common effort by funding agencies and development partners in six countries (see Contact).

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Coordination and application development by INFRAS

Jacek Dylag

Latest News

HBEFA 5.1 update – mileage correction LDV with individual traffic situations (version number 5.1.006)

25.2.2026

We will implement another update of HBEFA 5.1 today, Feb 25, 2026:

The mileage correction of air pollutants has not been working when querying emission factors for LDV (light duty vehicles) for individual traffic situations. This will be corrected with Version number 5.1.006.

We will carry out the update tonight, February 25, after 18:00 CET. The server ill be restarted. For users, the update will take effect with the next application restart.

Software Update

HBEFA 5.1 update – Plugin-hybrid PC/LCV air pollutants EF etc. (version number 5.1.005)

13.2.2026

We will implement another update of HBEFA 5.1 tomorrow, Feb 13, 2026:

• Exhaust air pollutant emission factors of Plugin-hybrid PC/LCV will be replaced with the EF of their conventional counterparts: The measurement data for plug-in hybrid vehicles alone are not sufficient for separate air pollutant emission factors. Therefore, we revert back to using the emission factors of their conventional counterparts (as in previous HBEFA versions).

• There was an error in the derivation of PM10-exhaust emission factors of petrol rigid trucks (RT petrol): On motorways, the PM10-exhaust EF from diesel trucks was used for petrol trucks, whereas it should have been set to 0 (as in previous HBEFA versions - as simplified assumption for this vehicle segment, for which no measurements exist).

• Fuel/energy consumption factors for ethanol buses in Sweden have been 0 so far due to a bug and missing fuel mix data.

• Bug fixes in the Expert Version (TDS creation from fleet scenario, EMOD result queries by TSGrad patterns, writing Traffic scenario result details to database)

These errors will be corrected with Version number 5.1.005.
We will carry out the update tomorrow, February 13, after 17:00 CET. The server will be restarted.
For users, the update will take effect with the next application restart.

Software Update

HBEFA 5.1 update - German fleet scenario (version number 5.1.004)

22.1.2026

Two small errors have been noted in the German fleet scenario for HBEFA 5.1:

• Bifuel CNG/Petrol LCV: mileages were missing for CNG driving shares for most years in the time series

• 4-stroke mopeds: mileages were missing for most years in the time series

Consequently, no emission factors have been output in “weighted” queries for the respective vehicle types and years.

These errors will be corrected with Version number 5.1.004.
We will carry out the update immediately.
For users, the update will take effect with the next application restart.

Software Update

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Support

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INFRAS

Switzerland

+41 31 370 19 19

hbefa@infras.ch

www.infras.ch

Funding partners.

Development partners.

The newest methodology articles for you.

Report

12.2.26

HBEFA 5.1

Semi-empirical model for non-exhaust emissions in HBEFA 5.1

Modelling of non-exhaust emissions in HBEFA 5.1

TU Graz, AVISO

Stefan Hausberger, Lukas Landl, Enis Ketan, Martin Dippold, Nicola Toenges-Schuller, Christiane Schneider

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DE
EN
Featured

Report

20.10.25

HBEFA 5.1

HBEFA 5.1 Update Documentation

Description of updates with HBEFA Version 5.1

INFRAS, ITnA TU Graz, TU Dresden, ifeu, WSP Sweden, UGE, IVL,SSB

Benedikt Notter, Brian Cox, Konstantin Weller, Martin Opetnik, Martin Dippold, Stefan Hausberger, Stefan Present, Christoph Heidt, Jan Kräck, Michel Allekotte, Wolfram Knörr, Michel André, Boris Vansevenant, Yao Liu, Katja Vuorenmaa Berdica, Thomas Sahlgren, Ake Sjödin, Mike Priestley, Martin Jerksjö, Cecilia Hult, Mona Engedal, Berit Storbraten, Jens Borken-Kleefeld, Pinky Kumawat, Likhitha Potturu

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DE
EN
Featured

11.9.25

HBEFA 5.1

HBEFA Traffic Situation Application Guidelines

Guidelines for the classification of activity data by the HBEFA Traffic Situations.

INFRAS, WSP Sweden, ifeu Heidelberg

Benedikt Notter, Brian Cox, Katja Vuorenmaa Berdica, Daniel Sahlgren, Jan Kräck, Christoph Heidt

DE
EN
Featured
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Use Cases of the Handbook

Our Software is used in many projects. Here are some examples.

COPERT

Average-speed based emission model for European national emission inventories

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TREMOD - Transport Emission Model

TREMOD maps motorised traffic in Germany with regard to its traffic and mileage, energy consumption and the associated climate gas and air pollutant emissions for the period 1960 to 2018 and in a trend scenario up to 2050.

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More USe Cases

INFRAS

Sennweg 2

3012

Berne

Switzerland

+41 31 370 19 19

hbefa@infras.ch

www.infras.ch

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